The second topic of the day was to look at health and medical policy in Japan. There was an awful lot of ground to cover here, especially when the historical context of the lecture was considered, for example, after World War II until now. The Japanese pay tax for social security and the extensive medical care system, yet there are still issues with financial constraints, the expectation of patients, the cost involved in the development of new medical equipment, the validity of health policy base on neo-liberal principles, and the dilemma of administrative regulation and decentralization. Every one of these problem has to be faced in practice.