MODELS OF CULTURAL INFLUENCE
No matter which perspective one comes from, social scientists generally agree that culture
is comprised of tangible and intangible things that pattern behavior. Sociologists Kroeber
and Parsons (1958) defined culture as “the patterns of values, ideas, and other symbolicmeaningful
systems as factors in shaping human behavior.” Anthropologist E. B. Tylor (1896) defined culture as “the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of
society.” Social psychologist K. E. Weick (1979) believes culture represents a “shared
meaning,” a context from which perception, meaning, and action emerge.
There can be little doubt that culture plays a dominant role in ethical decision making.
Culture is a filter that interprets situations and guides behavior (Trujillo, 1985). Action
emerges from the meaning attributed to the situation. Ethical behavior and actions are
greatly influenced by the values embedded in culture. It is generally observed that cultures
differ. There have been models developed that allow the comparison of cultures along several
different dimensions, that is, Kluckholm and Strodbeck’s time orientation, Hall’s low
context, and Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance. These models argue that although cultures
may change slowly over time, they are essentially stable, even in the face of technological,
economic, or political upheaval. Analysis is based on the assumption that different cultures
may be compared along each model’s dimensions. Different cultures may adopt
different values and behaviors.
MODELS OF CULTURAL INFLUENCE
No matter which perspective one comes from, social scientists generally agree that culture
is comprised of tangible and intangible things that pattern behavior. Sociologists Kroeber
and Parsons (1958) defined culture as “the patterns of values, ideas, and other symbolicmeaningful
systems as factors in shaping human behavior.” Anthropologist E. B. Tylor (1896) defined culture as “the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of
society.” Social psychologist K. E. Weick (1979) believes culture represents a “shared
meaning,” a context from which perception, meaning, and action emerge.
There can be little doubt that culture plays a dominant role in ethical decision making.
Culture is a filter that interprets situations and guides behavior (Trujillo, 1985). Action
emerges from the meaning attributed to the situation. Ethical behavior and actions are
greatly influenced by the values embedded in culture. It is generally observed that cultures
differ. There have been models developed that allow the comparison of cultures along several
different dimensions, that is, Kluckholm and Strodbeck’s time orientation, Hall’s low
context, and Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance. These models argue that although cultures
may change slowly over time, they are essentially stable, even in the face of technological,
economic, or political upheaval. Analysis is based on the assumption that different cultures
may be compared along each model’s dimensions. Different cultures may adopt
different values and behaviors.
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