Isometric handgrip strength
Three consecutive measurements for isometric handgrip strength of the dominant hand were made with a cali- brated dynamometer (TK200, Takei®, Niigata, Japan). The best performance was recorded for each subject. The apparatus was reset to zero before each measurement. The measurements were conducted under standardized condi- tions: subject seated, the shoulder adducted and neutrally ro- tated, with the forearm and wrist in a neutral position and the elbow at 90° flexion. The subjects were verbally encour- aged to perform three, 3-s maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) separated by at least 3 min of recovery in between