We first examine the impact of assignment to the hybrid
format, relative to the traditional format, on students’ probability
of passing the course, their performance on a standardized
test of statistics, and their score on a set of final-exam
questions that were the same in the two formats. We find no
clear differences in learning outcomes between students in
the traditional- and hybrid-format sections. Hybrid-format
students did perform slightly better than traditional-format
students on the three outcomes, achieving pass rates that
were about 3 percentage points higher, standardized-test
scores about 1 percentage point higher, and final-exam scores
2 percentage points higher, but none of these differences is
statistically significant (see Figure 2).