We would like to thank the following individuals for assistance in obtaining copies of
evaluation reports and relevant data: Professor Norman Davidson (University of Hull),
Professor Jason Ditton (University of Sheffield and Scottish Centre for Criminology), Deborah
Friedman (University of Massachusetts Lowell), Professor David Griswold (Florida Atlantic
University), Dr. Patrick Langan (Bureau of Justice Statistics) and Dr. Kate A. Painter (Home
Office). We would also like to thank Dr. John MacLeod (Home Office) for assistance with
Figure 1. Thanks also go to Professor Ross Homel, Griffith University, Australia and Dr
Anthony Braga, Harvard University, USA, for acting as independent assessors for this
report.