Globalization has been supported and expended by the development of modern transport
systems. From large containerships to small delivery trucks, the whole distribution
system has become closely integrated linking manufacturing activities with global
markets. However, the beginning of the 21st century brings many challenges to the role of
transportation in the global economy. The capacity of many segments of transport system
has been stretched by additional demands tying up long distance transportation modes.
Congestion in many international transport terminals such as ports often causes delays
and unreliable deliveries and there is an acute need for improving inland transportation
systems, notably those linked to the major gateways of the global economy. Last, but not
least, the long trend of growing energy costs is likely to impose significant adjustments to
international transport systems.