Cruz,
CA,
USA).
The
extruder
processed
diet
(EXT)
was
processed
using
an
X-20,
37.3
kW
single
screw
extruder
(Wenger
Manufactur
ing,
Sabetha,
KS,
USA).
The
screw
diameter
was
82.1
mm
and
L:D
ratio
8:1.
Two
circular
dies
with
openings
of
3.2
mm
were
used
along
with
a
die
face-cutting
knife
arrangement
giving
pellets
of
4
mm
in
diameter.
The
extruder
barrel
had
six
heads.
The
diet
was
extruded
at
a
shaft
speed
of
255
rpm.
The
raw
material
feeding
rate
was
189
kg/h.
The
mash
was
conditioned
to
92◦C
for
150
s
in
a
Wenger
DDC
pre-conditioner.
Water
and
steam
flow
into
the
pre-conditioner
were
30
and
18
kg/h,
respectively.
Water
flow
to
the
extruder
was
9.5
kg/h,
to
achieve
an
in-barrel
moisture
of
29.4%
(w/w).
The
temperature
during
extrusion
(50
s)
was
never
above
120◦C,
and
the
highest
temperature
was
measured
in
front
of
the
die.
A
pressure
of
2.38
MPa
(345
psig)
was
measured
in
front
of
the
die.
The
extruded
diet
was
dried
in
a
double
pass
gas
fired
4800
series
dryer
(Wenger
Manufacturing,
Sabetha,
KS,
USA)
with
an
attached
cooling
belt.
The
dryer
set
points
were
88◦C
with
5
min
retention
time
at
the
top
dryer
belt,
bottom
dryer
belt
and
cooler
belt,
respec
tively
Cruz,
CA,
USA).
The
extruder
processed
diet
(EXT)
was
processed
using
an
X-20,
37.3
kW
single
screw
extruder
(Wenger
Manufactur
ing,
Sabetha,
KS,
USA).
The
screw
diameter
was
82.1
mm
and
L:D
ratio
8:1.
Two
circular
dies
with
openings
of
3.2
mm
were
used
along
with
a
die
face-cutting
knife
arrangement
giving
pellets
of
4
mm
in
diameter.
The
extruder
barrel
had
six
heads.
The
diet
was
extruded
at
a
shaft
speed
of
255
rpm.
The
raw
material
feeding
rate
was
189
kg/h.
The
mash
was
conditioned
to
92◦C
for
150
s
in
a
Wenger
DDC
pre-conditioner.
Water
and
steam
flow
into
the
pre-conditioner
were
30
and
18
kg/h,
respectively.
Water
flow
to
the
extruder
was
9.5
kg/h,
to
achieve
an
in-barrel
moisture
of
29.4%
(w/w).
The
temperature
during
extrusion
(50
s)
was
never
above
120◦C,
and
the
highest
temperature
was
measured
in
front
of
the
die.
A
pressure
of
2.38
MPa
(345
psig)
was
measured
in
front
of
the
die.
The
extruded
diet
was
dried
in
a
double
pass
gas
fired
4800
series
dryer
(Wenger
Manufacturing,
Sabetha,
KS,
USA)
with
an
attached
cooling
belt.
The
dryer
set
points
were
88◦C
with
5
min
retention
time
at
the
top
dryer
belt,
bottom
dryer
belt
and
cooler
belt,
respec
tively
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