Mathematics anxiety is more than a dislike
toward mathematics. Smith (1997) characterized mathematics anxiety in a number of ways,
including: (a) uneasiness when asked to perform mathematically, (b) avoidance of math classes
until the last possible moment, (c) feelings of physical illness, faintness, dread, or panic, (d)
inability to perform on a test, and, (e) utilization of tutoring sessions that provide very little
success. Mathematics anxiety has been defined as a state of discomfort which occurs in
response to situations involving mathematical tasks which are perceived as threatening to self
esteem (Cemen, 1987).