In reinforced concrete buildings, portions of columns that
are common to beams at their intersections are called
beam-column joint. Their constituent materials have limited
strength; the joints have limited force carrying
capacity. When forces larger than these are applied during
earthquake, joints are severely damaged. There are three
types of joints that can be identified, viz., interior joint,
exterior joint and corner joint. While comparing the three
types of joints, exterior beam-column joint will be the
most affected under any external loading. In exterior
joints where beams terminate at columns, longitudinal