There are also problems associated with land leases, or "land grab. These are twofold: for ethnic minorities or indigenous people. Their displacement puts them at risk of increased poverty and higher mortality; and for land deals themselves, lack of transparency in the process makes accountability and enforcing land regulations increasingly difficult. For ethnic minorities and indigenous people living in rural areas, the land grabs continue to drive them off arable farmland without adequate consultation or compensation. The UNDP has found that mortality rates rise up to 30 per cent for those rural poor who have been forced to abandon their traditional livelihoods and move to urban areas.