Upon withdrawing from
the sol, the substrates were dried in electric furnace
in air at 60 1C for 20 min. Afterward, the
substrates were ultrasonically rinsed with water
for 10 min and then dried at 60 1C for 60 min.
Films so obtained were well adhered. TiO2 layers
on substrates could be thickened by means of
consecutive dip-coating processes. In such cases,
substrates were only ultrasonically rinsed with
water and dried at 60 1C for 60 min at the end of
the whole deposition process.
PrOH and n-butyl alcohol were removed from the
solution in a rotatory evaporator under vacuum.