Energy plays a dominant role in determining the individual competitiveness of a country and this is more
relevant to emerging economies. That being said, energy also plays an important and ever expanding role
in carbon emissions and sustainability of the country. As a developing country Thailand’s industrial sector
is vibrant and robust and consumes majority of the energy. In addition, it also has the highest CO2 emissions,
provided the emissions of power generation are taken into account. Industry also accounts for the
highest consumption of electricity in Thailand. The objective of this study is to model the Thai industrial
energy sector and estimate the mitigation potential for the timeframe of 2010–2050 using the principles
of Low Carbon Society (LCS). In addition, the paper would also evaluate emission tax as a key driver of
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation along with Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) analysis. Another secondary
objective is to analyse the impact of mitigation on energy security of the industrial sector. The Thai
industrial sector was modelled using AIM/Enduse model, which is a recursive dynamic optimisation
model belonging to the Asia–Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) family. Thai industrial sector was divided into nine sub-sectors based on national economic reporting procedures. Results suggest that the mitigation potential in 2050, compared to the Baseline scenario, is around 20% with positive impacts on energy security. The Baseline emission will approximately be 377 Mt-CO2 in the industrial sector. All four indicators of energy security, Primary Energy Intensity, Carbon Intensity, Oil Share and Diversification of Fuel Share would exhibit enhanced energy security levels. The new Counter Measures (CM) proposed, such as, new and advanced technologies and fuel switching would drive the mitigation levels. Increase in energy efficiency of heating and electricity use would reduce the primary energy demand and intensity