Castañeda and Fernández (2007) added to the group level of the
4I model of Crossan et al. the concepts of conversation and social
modeling. In the original proposal, Crossan et al. (1999) stated that
group learning can be explained by a process called interpretation.
The authors stated “interpretation has to do with refining and
development of intuitive insights” (p. 525). The raw material for
interpretation is intuition, a preconscious process. However,
conversation, a conscious process, is a central aspect of a functioning
organization (Denning, 2005). Most organizational actions are based
on conversation. In this sense, conversation is a learning opportunity
in groups. In addition, authors like Harris (1995) and Bandura (2003)
emphasize the role of modeling and observation in group learning.
People in groups learn by observing others. Figure 2 shows the 4I
model with its further developments.