The goal of our present study was to uncover potential neural mechanisms underlying dysfunctional anticipation of rewards and losses in borderline personality disorder and their potential relationship to impulsivity. In line with previous studies (Völlm et al., 2007 and Enzi et al., 2013), we observed reduced activation of the VS/NAcc during the anticipation of gain and loss in a homogenous sample of unmedicated female BPD patients in comparison to an age-matched healthy control group with comparable cognitive ability. In line with our hypotheses, BPD patients compared to healthy controls exhibited higher self-reported impulsivity scores as measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Brain-behavior correlation analyses revealed positive correlations between the ventral striatal anticipation responses to both gains and losses and BIS-11 total scores in the control group, while patients, on the other hand, showed no significant correlation of striatal gain anticipation and impulsivity, but exhibited a significantly negative correlation between striatal loss anticipation responses and BIS-11 scores.