The reduction of G0 due
to lower shortening content may be related with the plasticizer and
lubricant effect of shortening However, in the absence of emulsifier, reduction or elimination
of shortening had no significant effect (p > 0.05) in S and T
formulations and resulted in a higher G0 (p < 0.05) in C batters,
while in CT, shortening elimination caused a decrease of G0
(p < 0.05). It seems that in CT formulations without emulsifier, tiger
nut flour allowed the increase of G0 when shortening was present,
probably due to its lipid content (28.6 g/100 g) that permit the
emulsification of chickpea protein