overhead sports activities, while OA of the elbow is
associated with weight lifting and sports involving
throwing. Other joints can also be affected by OA,
and significant trauma or injury to those joints is
frequently a major factor. Examples include the ankle
and foot in ballet dancers, the shoulder after rotator
cuff injury, and the metacarpophalangeal joints
in workers using jackhammers.17, 20, 21
A knee injury that prevents unaided walking for
more than a week is a strong predictor of knee OA.
Such injuries often involve rupture of the anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL), which may be associated
with a tearing of the meniscus or the medial collateral
ligament. Both ACL damage and meniscus tears
are strongly linked to early OA development.22, 23
Because the incidence of ACL injury is two to eight
times higher among female compared with male
athletes, the rising number of women participating
in sports can be expected to result in higher rates of
knee OA in women.22, 23 Early ACL reconstruction
with meniscal preservation may help to protect
overhead sports activities, while OA of the elbow is
associated with weight lifting and sports involving
throwing. Other joints can also be affected by OA,
and significant trauma or injury to those joints is
frequently a major factor. Examples include the ankle
and foot in ballet dancers, the shoulder after rotator
cuff injury, and the metacarpophalangeal joints
in workers using jackhammers.17, 20, 21
A knee injury that prevents unaided walking for
more than a week is a strong predictor of knee OA.
Such injuries often involve rupture of the anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL), which may be associated
with a tearing of the meniscus or the medial collateral
ligament. Both ACL damage and meniscus tears
are strongly linked to early OA development.22, 23
Because the incidence of ACL injury is two to eight
times higher among female compared with male
athletes, the rising number of women participating
in sports can be expected to result in higher rates of
knee OA in women.22, 23 Early ACL reconstruction
with meniscal preservation may help to protect
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