It is often difficult to make behavioral constraints foolproof, especially when the organization is dealing with disloyal, deceitful employees. For example, despite reasonable safeguards, a former secretary at Bear Stearns, a global investment firm, used disappearing ink to write checks that her boss requested. After the manager signed the checks, she would erase the name of the payee and rewrite the checks for cash. In her eight months with the firm, she made more than $800,000 vanish from her boss’s bank accounts. As is common, “fraud often starts small and, as fraudsters find they can get away with it, gets bigger and bigger.”