Becoming a more effective leader often requires changing behavior. But although most companies recognize that this also means adjusting underlying mind-sets, too often these organizations are reluctant to address the root causes of why leaders act the way they do. Doing so can be uncomfortable for participants, program trainers, mentors, and bosses—but if there isn't a significant degree of discomfort, the chances are that the behavior won't change. Just as a coach would view an athlete's muscle pain as a proper response to training, leaders who are stretching themselves should also feel some discomfort as they struggle to reach new levels of leadership performance.
Identifying some of the deepest, “below the surface” thoughts, feelings, assumptions, and beliefs is usually a precondition of behavioral change—one too often shirked in development programs. Promoting the virtues of delegation and empowerment, for example, is fine in theory, but successful adoption is unlikely if the program participants have a clear “controlling” mind-set ( I can't lose my grip on the business; I'm personally accountable and only I should make the decisions ). It's true that some personality traits (such as extroversion or introversion) are difficult to shift, but people can change the way they see the world and their values.
Take the professional-services business that wanted senior leaders to initiate more provocative and meaningful discussions with the firm's senior clients. Once the trainers looked below the surface, they discovered that these leaders, though highly successful in their fields, were instinctively uncomfortable and lacking in confidence when conversations moved beyond their narrow functional expertise. As soon as the leaders realized this, and went deeper to understand why, they were able to commit themselves to concrete steps that helped push them to change.
A major European industrial company, meanwhile, initially met strong resistance after launching an initiative to delegate and decentralize responsibility for capital expenditures and resource allocation to the plant level. Once the issues were put on the table, it became clear that the business-unit leaders were genuinely concerned that the new policy would add to the already severe pressures they faced, that they did not trust their subordinates, and that they resented the idea of relinquishing control. Only when they were convinced that the new approach would actually save time and serve as a great learning opportunity for more junior managers—and when more open-minded colleagues and mentors helped challenge the “heroic” leadership model—did the original barriers start to come down and decentralization start to be implemented.
Another company decided that difficult market conditions required its senior sales managers to get smarter about how they identified, valued, and negotiated potential deals. However, sending them on a routine finance course failed to prompt the necessary changes. The sales managers continued to enter into suboptimal and even uneconomic transactions because they had a deeply held mind-set that the only thing that mattered in their industry was market share, that revenue targets had to be met, and that failing to meet those targets would result in their losing face. This mind-set shifted only when the company set up a “control tower” for reflecting on the most critical deals, when peers who got the new message became involved in the coaching, and when the CEO offered direct feedback to participants (including personal calls to sales managers) applauding the new behavior.
4. Failing to measure results
We frequently find that companies pay lip service to the importance of developing leadership skills but have no evidence to quantify the value of their investment. When businesses fail to track and measure changes in leadership performance over time, they increase the odds that improvement initiatives won't be taken seriously.
Too often, any evaluation of leadership development begins and ends with participant feedback; the danger here is that trainers learn to game the system and deliver a syllabus that is more pleasing than challenging to participants. Yet targets can be set and their achievement monitored. Just as in any business-performance program, once that assessment is complete, leaders can learn from successes and failures over time and make the necessary adjustments.
One approach is to assess the extent of behavioral change, perhaps through a 360 degree–feedback exercise at the beginning of a program and followed by another one after 6 to 12 months. Leaders can also use such tools to demonstrate their own commitment to real change for themselves and the organization. One CEO we know commissioned his own 360 degree–feedback exercise and published the results (good and bad) for all to see on the company intranet, along with a personal commitment to improve.
Another approach is to monitor participants' career development after the training. How many were appointed to more senior roles one to two years after the program? How many senior people in the organization went through leadership training? How many left the company? By analyzing recent promotions at a global bank, for example, senior managers showed that candidates who had been through a leadership-development program were more successful than those who had not.
Finally, try to monitor the business impact, especially when training is tied to breakthrough projects. Metrics might include cost savings and the number of new-store openings for a retail business, for example, or sales of new products if the program focused on the skills to build a new-product strategy. American Express quantifies the success of some of its leadership programs by comparing the average productivity of participants' teams prior to and after a training program, yielding a simple measure of increased productivity. Similarly, a nonprofit we know recently sought to identify the revenue increase attributable to its leadership program by comparing one group that had received training with another that hadn't.
Companies can avoid the most common mistakes in leadership development and increase the odds of success by matching specific leadership skills and traits to the context at hand; embedding leadership development in real work; fearlessly investigating the mind-sets that underpin behavior; and monitoring the impact so as to make improvements over time.
เป็น ผู้นำที่มีประสิทธิภาพมักจะต้องการเปลี่ยนลักษณะการทำงาน แต่แม้ว่าบริษัทส่วนใหญ่รู้จักที่นี้ยังหมายถึง การปรับ mind-sets ต้น บ่อยเกินไปองค์กรเหล่านี้จะไม่อยู่ ต้นตอของเหตุผู้นำดำเนินการวิธีทำ ทำให้สามารถจะอึดอัดสำหรับผู้เข้าร่วม การฝึกอบรมโปรแกรม mentors และผู้บังคับบัญชา – แต่ถ้าไม่สบายในระดับที่สำคัญ มีโอกาส ที่จะไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงลักษณะการทำงานได้ เหมือนโค้ชจะดูอาการปวดกล้ามเนื้อของนักกีฬาที่เป็นการตอบสนองที่เหมาะสมเพื่อฝึกอบรม ผู้นำที่จะยืดตัวเองควรรู้สึกว่าสบายบางยังเป็นพวกเขาต่อสู้ถึงประสิทธิภาพความเป็นผู้นำระดับใหม่ ระบุของข้าพเจ้า "ใต้ผิวหนัง" ความคิด ความรู้สึก สมมติฐาน และความเชื่อมักจะเป็นเงื่อนไขของการเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรม — หนึ่งบ่อยเกินไป shirked ในการพัฒนาโปรแกรม ส่งเสริมคุณค่าของการมอบหมายและอำนาจ เช่น เป็นดีในทฤษฎี แต่ยอมรับประสบความสำเร็จน่าถ้าผู้เข้าร่วมโปรแกรมมี mind-set "ควบคุม" ชัดเจน (ฉันไม่สามารถสูญเสียของฉันจับธุรกิจ ฉันรับผิดชอบเอง และผมควรทำการตัดสินใจ) มันเป็นความจริงว่า ลักษณะบุคลิกภาพบางอย่าง (เช่น extroversion หรือ introversion) ยากกะ แต่คนสามารถเปลี่ยนวิธีที่พวกเขาเห็นโลกและค่า ดำเนินธุรกิจบริการมืออาชีพที่ต้องการผู้นำอาวุโสเริ่มมากเร้าใจ และมีความหมายสนทนากับลูกค้าระดับสูงของบริษัท เมื่อมองการฝึกอบรมด้านล่างพื้นผิว พวกเขาพบว่า ผู้นำเหล่านี้ แม้ว่าประสบความสำเร็จในสาขา ถูก instinctively อึดอัด และขาดความเชื่อมั่นเมื่อสนทนาย้ายนอกเหนือจากความเชี่ยวชาญที่ทำงานของพวกเขาแคบ ทันทีที่ผู้นำรู้นี้ และลึกซึ้งจะเข้าใจว่าทำไมไป พวกเขาสามารถยืนยันตัวเองเพื่อขั้นตอนคอนกรีตที่ช่วยผลักดันให้เปลี่ยนแปลง เป็นบริษัทชั้นนำยุโรปอุตสาหกรรม ในขณะเดียวกัน เริ่มไปตามแรงต้านทานหลังจากการเปิดตัวริมอบหมาย และ decentralize ความรับผิดชอบค่าใช้จ่ายทุนและการปันส่วนทรัพยากรไปยังระดับโรงงาน เมื่อปัญหาถูกวางบนตาราง เป็นชัดเจนว่า ผู้นำของหน่วยธุรกิจได้จริงใจห่วงว่านโยบายใหม่จะเพิ่มความดันแล้วรุนแรงที่พวกเขาประสบ ว่า พวกเขาไม่เชื่อถือผู้ใต้บังคับบัญชา และพวกเขา resented ความคิดของการ relinquishing ตัวควบคุม เฉพาะ เมื่อพวกเขาถูกเชื่อว่า วิธีใหม่จะจริงประหยัดเวลา และเป็นโอกาสเรียนรู้มากสำหรับผู้บริหารสำหรับเด็กเพิ่มเติม — และเมื่อเพื่อนร่วมงานเปิดกว้างมากขึ้นและ mentors ช่วยท้าทายแบบภาวะผู้นำ "งานกล้า" — ไม่ได้อุปสรรคเริ่มมาลงและกระจายอำนาจการแพร่กระจายเดิมเริ่มที่จะปฏิบัติ Another company decided that difficult market conditions required its senior sales managers to get smarter about how they identified, valued, and negotiated potential deals. However, sending them on a routine finance course failed to prompt the necessary changes. The sales managers continued to enter into suboptimal and even uneconomic transactions because they had a deeply held mind-set that the only thing that mattered in their industry was market share, that revenue targets had to be met, and that failing to meet those targets would result in their losing face. This mind-set shifted only when the company set up a “control tower” for reflecting on the most critical deals, when peers who got the new message became involved in the coaching, and when the CEO offered direct feedback to participants (including personal calls to sales managers) applauding the new behavior.4. Failing to measure results We frequently find that companies pay lip service to the importance of developing leadership skills but have no evidence to quantify the value of their investment. When businesses fail to track and measure changes in leadership performance over time, they increase the odds that improvement initiatives won't be taken seriously. Too often, any evaluation of leadership development begins and ends with participant feedback; the danger here is that trainers learn to game the system and deliver a syllabus that is more pleasing than challenging to participants. Yet targets can be set and their achievement monitored. Just as in any business-performance program, once that assessment is complete, leaders can learn from successes and failures over time and make the necessary adjustments. One approach is to assess the extent of behavioral change, perhaps through a 360 degree–feedback exercise at the beginning of a program and followed by another one after 6 to 12 months. Leaders can also use such tools to demonstrate their own commitment to real change for themselves and the organization. One CEO we know commissioned his own 360 degree–feedback exercise and published the results (good and bad) for all to see on the company intranet, along with a personal commitment to improve. Another approach is to monitor participants' career development after the training. How many were appointed to more senior roles one to two years after the program? How many senior people in the organization went through leadership training? How many left the company? By analyzing recent promotions at a global bank, for example, senior managers showed that candidates who had been through a leadership-development program were more successful than those who had not. Finally, try to monitor the business impact, especially when training is tied to breakthrough projects. Metrics might include cost savings and the number of new-store openings for a retail business, for example, or sales of new products if the program focused on the skills to build a new-product strategy. American Express quantifies the success of some of its leadership programs by comparing the average productivity of participants' teams prior to and after a training program, yielding a simple measure of increased productivity. Similarly, a nonprofit we know recently sought to identify the revenue increase attributable to its leadership program by comparing one group that had received training with another that hadn't.
Companies can avoid the most common mistakes in leadership development and increase the odds of success by matching specific leadership skills and traits to the context at hand; embedding leadership development in real work; fearlessly investigating the mind-sets that underpin behavior; and monitoring the impact so as to make improvements over time.
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