In that case, even a 500% increase of acetaldehyde emissions has been reported by Reading et al. (2002) for fuel blends over 70% ethanol.Ambient temperature has in addition a strong influence in emissions, thereby benzene and 1,3-butadiene emissions have been reported to increase at high ethanol fraction and cold temperatures (Whitney and Fernandez, 2007;
Westerholm et al., 2008).