Finally, investigations showing that the benefits conferred through interactive talk around shared reading may have differ-ential effects depending on the outcome variable measured. For example, works by Whitehurst and Lonigan (1998) suggest that the use of labeling questions that require children to imitate by reproducing words heard in a narrative may be a powerful type of shared-reading talk for the acquisition of expressive vocabulary.In support, Sénéchal (1997) found that asking children labeling questions that required them to reproduce novel words was a strong predictor of gains in expressive vocabulary and less so for receptive. On the other hand, as noted by Sénéchal (1997),receptive vocabulary may be more sensitive to such features as frequency of language use (i.e., repeated readings) because of the added opportunities to associate and store novel words or information.