Results and Discussion
The classified physical dimensions and the values of the moisture content for the sets of cane stalks that were used for the experiment. The values of the extracted juice in kilogramme were presented in Tables 2 and 3. The actual juice present in each of the cane stalk was determined for comparison with the extracted juice in order to calculate the extraction efficiency of the machine. The amount of extracted juice with reference to moisture content and variation in cane stalk sizes were as presented in Figs. 4 and 5 that presented the effects of the cane size and operating speed of the machine on the extractor efficiency of the cane juice.
Effects of Stalk Size and Moisture Content on the Quantity of Cane Juice The extracted juice increased with increase in moisture content washown in Fig.4. The amount of extracted juice also decreases as the size of cane stalk decreases. The presence of high moisture content was an indication of high quantity of cane juice in the stalk accoeding to the report of Mathur (1995). The ability of the machine to crush and expel the juice from the plant fibre was determined by its effect on the total collapsing of the cell wall that entraps the juice. The extracted juice showed that cane size of smaller sizes that were more difficult to break its cell wall thereby realizing small quantity of the juice. This is explaination for the reason of low juice extraction in smaller cane sizes while operating the machine at either low or high peripheral speed (Table2). The output capacity was determined using expression presented in Eqn. 5. The output capacity ranges between 5.32 kg/hr and 12.75 kg/hr. At operating speed of 0.36 m/s about 12.75 kg can be extracted in 1 hour. At high operating speed, higher energy is developed resulting in effective maceration and crushing of cane stalk to release more cane juice. The various sizes of cane stalks the extraction of juice followed the same trend of increase of juice extraction at higher peripheral speed while higher juice was recovered with an increase in cane stalk (Fig.5). The machine efficiency increased with an increase in peripheral speed (Fig.4). The juice extractor operated at 60 % of cane juice extraction at operating peripheral speed of 0.36 m/s and the machine developed higher energy that was sufficient to cause effective crushing and extraction of cane juice. Result indicated that low extraction efficiency of 41 % is experienced at low operating peripheral speed of 0.25 m/s (Fig.6).
The quantity of juice presented in the whole cane juice was determined by Eqn. 6 and presented in Table 2. It is clearly shown that further processing conditions can be imposed on the macerated cane stalk before subsequent expression for recovery of the cane juice from the enclosed cane fibre without prejudice to the ability of the cane juice extractor from expressing juice from the entrapped cane fibre. Chen, et al. (1993) highlighted some of the factors that affect effective sugarcane juice extraction. Therefore, further investigation of some of these factors may be considered for future studies.
The amount of extracted juice decreased in the size of cane stalk decreases. The presence of high moisture content was indicated high quantity of cane juice in the stalk. The ability of the machine to crush and expel the juice from the plant fibre was determined by its effect on the total collapsing of the cell wall that entraps the juice. This confirms the observed phenomenon in Tromp (1949) and Okogie (1980).
The output capacity was determined using expression that presented in Eqn. 5. The output capacity ranges between 5.32 kg/hr and 12.75 kg/hr. At operating speed of 0.36 m/s about 12.75 kg can be extracted in 1 hour. At high operating speed, higher energy is developed resulting in effective maceration and crushing of cane stalk to release more cane juice.
A sugarcane juice extractor was well-designed and constructed. The output capacities of 10.50, 12.00 and 14.25 kg/ hr were obtained at operating speeds of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.36 m/s, respectively. The extraction efficiencies ranged between 40 and 61 % at operating speed of 0.25 and 0.36 m/s. It was observed that the optimum performance that cannot be sustained over a long processing period because of the observed bluntness in the perforated grating drum over time of use and this reduces the extraction efficiency of the machine. Further work would be carried out on the arrangement of the grating drum, crushing chamber and effects of some processing factors on expression of juice from cane fibre in a compression chamber.
Results and Discussion
The classified physical dimensions and the values of the moisture content for the sets of cane stalks that were used for the experiment. The values of the extracted juice in kilogramme were presented in Tables 2 and 3. The actual juice present in each of the cane stalk was determined for comparison with the extracted juice in order to calculate the extraction efficiency of the machine. The amount of extracted juice with reference to moisture content and variation in cane stalk sizes were as presented in Figs. 4 and 5 that presented the effects of the cane size and operating speed of the machine on the extractor efficiency of the cane juice.
Effects of Stalk Size and Moisture Content on the Quantity of Cane Juice The extracted juice increased with increase in moisture content washown in Fig.4. The amount of extracted juice also decreases as the size of cane stalk decreases. The presence of high moisture content was an indication of high quantity of cane juice in the stalk accoeding to the report of Mathur (1995). The ability of the machine to crush and expel the juice from the plant fibre was determined by its effect on the total collapsing of the cell wall that entraps the juice. The extracted juice showed that cane size of smaller sizes that were more difficult to break its cell wall thereby realizing small quantity of the juice. This is explaination for the reason of low juice extraction in smaller cane sizes while operating the machine at either low or high peripheral speed (Table2). The output capacity was determined using expression presented in Eqn. 5. The output capacity ranges between 5.32 kg/hr and 12.75 kg/hr. At operating speed of 0.36 m/s about 12.75 kg can be extracted in 1 hour. At high operating speed, higher energy is developed resulting in effective maceration and crushing of cane stalk to release more cane juice. The various sizes of cane stalks the extraction of juice followed the same trend of increase of juice extraction at higher peripheral speed while higher juice was recovered with an increase in cane stalk (Fig.5). The machine efficiency increased with an increase in peripheral speed (Fig.4). The juice extractor operated at 60 % of cane juice extraction at operating peripheral speed of 0.36 m/s and the machine developed higher energy that was sufficient to cause effective crushing and extraction of cane juice. Result indicated that low extraction efficiency of 41 % is experienced at low operating peripheral speed of 0.25 m/s (Fig.6).
The quantity of juice presented in the whole cane juice was determined by Eqn. 6 and presented in Table 2. It is clearly shown that further processing conditions can be imposed on the macerated cane stalk before subsequent expression for recovery of the cane juice from the enclosed cane fibre without prejudice to the ability of the cane juice extractor from expressing juice from the entrapped cane fibre. Chen, et al. (1993) highlighted some of the factors that affect effective sugarcane juice extraction. Therefore, further investigation of some of these factors may be considered for future studies.
The amount of extracted juice decreased in the size of cane stalk decreases. The presence of high moisture content was indicated high quantity of cane juice in the stalk. The ability of the machine to crush and expel the juice from the plant fibre was determined by its effect on the total collapsing of the cell wall that entraps the juice. This confirms the observed phenomenon in Tromp (1949) and Okogie (1980).
The output capacity was determined using expression that presented in Eqn. 5. The output capacity ranges between 5.32 kg/hr and 12.75 kg/hr. At operating speed of 0.36 m/s about 12.75 kg can be extracted in 1 hour. At high operating speed, higher energy is developed resulting in effective maceration and crushing of cane stalk to release more cane juice.
A sugarcane juice extractor was well-designed and constructed. The output capacities of 10.50, 12.00 and 14.25 kg/ hr were obtained at operating speeds of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.36 m/s, respectively. The extraction efficiencies ranged between 40 and 61 % at operating speed of 0.25 and 0.36 m/s. It was observed that the optimum performance that cannot be sustained over a long processing period because of the observed bluntness in the perforated grating drum over time of use and this reduces the extraction efficiency of the machine. Further work would be carried out on the arrangement of the grating drum, crushing chamber and effects of some processing factors on expression of juice from cane fibre in a compression chamber.
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