In the present study (Figure 2), the lowest NH3 emis- sions in all treatments were noted for alum treatments top-dressed or mixed (from 0 at time zero to 22 ppm at 5 weeks), whereas the highest NH3 emissions were observed with the controls (from 0 at time zero to 36 ppm at 5 weeks). In addition, as time increased, NH3 emissions in alum treatments mixed followed a similar tendency to alum treatments top-dressed. This study clearly demonstrated that there are two possibilities in the effectiveness of alum: (1) a reduction in NH3 emission from poultry litter is highly related to lower pH from the two different methods of alum amendments and (2) when compared with top dressing (50% at 5 weeks), “mixing”
methods of alum in poultry litter as a litter management
may serve as a means to help the reduction (51% at 5
weeks) in NH3 volatilization. These results supported the
findings of Smith et al. (2004) and Choi and Moore
(2008a), who indicated that the addition of dry AlCl3 and
liquid AlCl3 to swine manure or poultry litter as top
dressing or spraying reduces NH3 volatilization.”
Moore et al. (2000) observed that during the first three
weeks NH3 concentration in the alum-treated houses was
6 to 20 ppm, compared with 28 to 43 ppm in the control
houses.
Laboratory studies were conducted by Choi and Moore
(2008b) using dry alum, liquid alum, and A7 (high acid alum) which are acidifying agents. These treatments when added to poultry litter for 42 days reduced NH3 volatilization, with reductions ranging from 77 to 96% for two experiments. Likewise, the differences in reduced rate of NH3 emission by litter amendment between our results and other published data could have contributed to the lower rate of alum that were top-dressed or incorporated with rice hulls.
In the present study (Figure 2), the lowest NH3 emis- sions in all treatments were noted for alum treatments top-dressed or mixed (from 0 at time zero to 22 ppm at 5 weeks), whereas the highest NH3 emissions were observed with the controls (from 0 at time zero to 36 ppm at 5 weeks). In addition, as time increased, NH3 emissions in alum treatments mixed followed a similar tendency to alum treatments top-dressed. This study clearly demonstrated that there are two possibilities in the effectiveness of alum: (1) a reduction in NH3 emission from poultry litter is highly related to lower pH from the two different methods of alum amendments and (2) when compared with top dressing (50% at 5 weeks), “mixing”methods of alum in poultry litter as a litter managementmay serve as a means to help the reduction (51% at 5weeks) in NH3 volatilization. These results supported thefindings of Smith et al. (2004) and Choi and Moore(2008a), who indicated that the addition of dry AlCl3 andliquid AlCl3 to swine manure or poultry litter as topdressing or spraying reduces NH3 volatilization.”Moore et al. (2000) observed that during the first threeweeks NH3 concentration in the alum-treated houses was6 to 20 ppm, compared with 28 to 43 ppm in the controlhouses.Laboratory studies were conducted by Choi and Moore(2008b) ใช้แห้งสารส้ม สารส้มน้ำ A7 (สูงกรดสารส้ม) ซึ่งเป็น acidifying แทน การรักษาเหล่านี้เมื่อเพิ่มปีก 42 วันลดการทาลายของ NH3 กับลดลงถึง 77 96% สำหรับทดลอง ทำนองเดียวกัน ความแตกต่างในอัตราการลดลงของการปล่อย NH3 โดยครอกแก้ไขระหว่างผลลัพธ์ และข้อมูลอื่น ๆ ที่เผยแพร่อาจมีส่วนให้การอัตราการลดลงของสารส้มที่มี top-dressed หรือรวมกับแกลบ
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