Wasowicz (2013) The present study provides first comprehensive and up-to-date results on alien plant taxa in Icelandsince 1967. We evidenced the presence of 336 alien vascular plant taxa, including 277 casuals and 59naturalised taxa, two being invasive. The distribution of the alien flora exhibits a clear spatial patternshowing hotspots of occurrence and diversity within areas of major settlement centres. Altitude abovesea level and temperature-related variables proved to be the most important factors shaping alien plantdistribution in Iceland. Predictive modelling evidenced that arctic areas of Iceland and the Central High-lands are under serious risk of alien plant invasion due to climate change. The results provide crucialinformation for alien and invasive plant management and contribute data for meta-analyses of invasionprocesses worldwide