C. Content Validity
Content validity indicates the representativeness of the
item content domain and is the basic conceptual criterion
related to construct validity [21]. As Churchill [22] reported
that “specifying the domain of the construct, generating items
that exhaust the domain, and subsequently purifying the
resulting scale should produce a measure which is content or
face valid and reliable”, it means that the instrument has to
consider all aspects of the construct being measured. The
rigorous procedures used to conceptualize and operationalize
the ECC construct, the interviews with computing