Provisioning services are products that people take from the ecosystems, such as
fish and fuel.
• Regulating services are benefits that people gain from the regulation of ecosystem
processes, such as air quality maintenance and climate regulation.
• Cultural services are nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems, such
as recreational, spiritual, and religious benefits.
• Supporting services are those that are necessary for the production of all other
services, such as primary production and nutrient cycling.