Job satisfaction was measured by the McCloskey Mueller Satisfaction Scale (MMSS). This scale contains 31 items on a rating range from 1 to 5; where 1 indicates "very dissatisfied", and 5 indicates “very satisfied”. For the present study, a total of 6 items were dropped by a panel of nursing research experts as they were perceived to be not significant to nurses in underserved areas. Moreover, the items were rated on a four-point Likert scale instead of a five –point Likert scale that included a neutral point