We have previously noted the importance of Giddens’ duality of structure, by which schema and resources are
interconnected in a process by which each sustains (and creates) the other. Disrupting this cycle becomes critical in effecting
change. In this section, we first argue that efforts to achieve change have focused on the wrong ‘‘moment’’, moment three, of
the Barley and Tolbert (1997) change model. We then suggest that real change is likely to occur only as a result of a radical
resource shift that triggers institutional level change. Such a resource shift is critical because it permits the emergence of new
and revised schema.