The essence of the crisis was a huge, sudden reversal of capital flows. Economies that had
been attracting large amounts of foreign capital suddenly became subject to withdrawals of shortterm
lines of credit, an exodus of portfolio capital, and offshore flight by domestic investors.
Table 1 shows that net private capital flows into the five most affected Asian economies (South
Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines) jumped from $37.9 billion in 1994 to
$97.1 billion in 1996. The bulk of these new inflows came as loans from private creditors
(commercial banks plus non-bank creditors, such as bond-holders), which tripled in just two years
from $25.8 billion to $78.4 billion. But in the last half of 1997, these inflows suddenly reversed
themselves, with net private capital flows turning to an outflow of $11.9 billion. This turnaround
of $109 billion in one year (actually just six months), from an inflow of $97 billion to an outflow
of $12 billion, is equivalent to about 10% of the pre-crisis GDP of these five countries.
The essence of the crisis was a huge, sudden reversal of capital flows. Economies that hadbeen attracting large amounts of foreign capital suddenly became subject to withdrawals of shorttermlines of credit, an exodus of portfolio capital, and offshore flight by domestic investors.Table 1 shows that net private capital flows into the five most affected Asian economies (SouthKorea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines) jumped from $37.9 billion in 1994 to$97.1 billion in 1996. The bulk of these new inflows came as loans from private creditors(commercial banks plus non-bank creditors, such as bond-holders), which tripled in just two yearsfrom $25.8 billion to $78.4 billion. But in the last half of 1997, these inflows suddenly reversedthemselves, with net private capital flows turning to an outflow of $11.9 billion. This turnaroundof $109 billion in one year (actually just six months), from an inflow of $97 billion to an outflowof $12 billion, is equivalent to about 10% of the pre-crisis GDP of these five countries.
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