The objectives of this study were: 1) to verify the impact of a cognitive vitality program on participants’ practice of PA; 2) to study the moderating and mediating effects of PA on the program’s impact on cognition; and 3) to explore the correlation between the practice of PA and various aspects of cognitive vitality measured at the start of the study. We anticipated that following the program participants in the experimental groups would have significantly increased their practice of PA in terms of duration, variety and frequency, while those in the control group would not have modified their practice. In terms of our second objective, we anticipated that PA would have a moderating, but not a mediating effect on cognition, as has been previously reported [70]. We therefore hypothesized that participants’ PA level at baseline would affect the program’s impact on cognition (moderating effect)—in other words, that the most active participants would benefit the most from the program and would enjoy improved cognitive vitality following the program. However, we did not think that the benefits resulting from participation in the Jog Your Mind program, at the cognitive level, would be dependent on a positive variation in PA (mediating effect). For our third objective, we hypothesized that the volume (minutes), frequency and variety of physical activities would be significantly correlated with certain aspects of cognitive vitality.