First development cycle: Design specifications are created and evaluated. The formative evaluation is primarily done by the design team.
Second cycle: Global materials are created and then evaluated. The formative evaluation is conducted by expert appraisal.
Third cycle: Partially detailed materials are created and evaluated. The formative evaluation consists of both expert appraisal and small-scale tryout.
Fourth Cycle: Complete materials are created and evaluated. Formative evaluation is conducted by expert appraisal, small group testing, and large group tryout.
Summative evaluation occurs after materials have been released for general use.