In the Turkish context, a plethora of research in relation to ICT attitudes and self-efficacy are available; mostly, the
studies reveal similar findings such in Çelik and Yeşilyurt (2013) featuring attitudes to technology, perceived
computer self efficacy and computer anxiety as predicators of effective computer-assisted education. In a more general
sense, Deryakulu, Buyukozturk, Karadeniz and Olkun (2008) outlined the positive and negative factors during
the ICT implementation process. Furthermore, Tezci (2009) analyzed the effect of teachers on ICT use in
education and concluded that ICT use among teachers in Turkey is low and limited to the Internet, email, word
processing and some educational CDs. Teachers with previous experience and higher levels of knowledge and attitude are likely to exert the ICT tools. Similarly, Demiralay and Karadeniz (2010) analyzed the effect of ICT
on elementary pre-service teachers’ perceived literacy SE and pre-service teachers’ computer experience, skills
and frequency of computer and internet use, access opportunities to computer and internet were found to be
leading influencing factors. With pre-service primary education teachers, Usluel (2007) identified the level and
duration of ICT usage as primary factors having an impact on the information literacy SE. Besides, Akkoyunlu
and Kurbanoğlu (2003) explored the relation between pre-service teachers’ perceived information literacy self efficacy
and perceived computer self efficacy and found a positive correlation with varying degrees of change over the years.
Korkut and Akkoyunlu (2008) investigating the foreign language pre-service teachers’ information and computer
literacy perceived self efficacy, announced a high level of abovementioned SE types and a positive inter-relation.
Correspondingly, Topkaya (2010) revealed a positive correlation between computer and general self efficacy focusing on
the pre service English language teachers.