Participants were randomly assigned to one of three learning conditions: speaking, rhythmic speaking, and singing. The participants heard 20 paired-associate phrases in English and an unfamiliar language (Hungarian) during a 15-min “listen-and-repeat” learning period, separated into three 5-min learning sessions. Participants practiced the 20 English–Hungarian paired-associate phrases one after another by first listening to the spoken English phrase, and then listening twice to the paired Hungarian phrase and repeating the Hungarian phrase aloud as best they could. The 15-min learning period was followed by a series of five different production, recall, recognition, and vocabulary tests for the English–Hungarian pairs. Measures of participants’ mood, background experience, and abilities in music and language were also administered in order to check that the randomly assigned groups were matched for these factors.