Texture
measurements were determined with the TA.XT2i
Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, Surrey,
UK) with a 5 kg load cell. Back extrusion cell with
35 mm diameter compression disc was used. The
samples were carefully transferred into acrylic
cylindrical containers (50 mm internal diameter and
75 mm height) to a depth of 55 mm. One cycle was
applied, at a constant crosshead velocity of 1 mm/s,
to a sample depth of 40 mm, and then returned. From
the resulting force–time curve, the values for texture
attributes, i.e. firmness, adhesiveness, adhesive force,
cohesiveness and gumminess were obtained using the
Texture Expert for Window Version 1 equipment
software.