According to Rachlin’s (1989) self-control model, following the
introduction of the PPS we would expect a reduction in risky driving
behaviour and an increase in protective behaviours, but only if
the law is enforced. Previous research has shown that risky behaviours
decrease when the probability of making a loss increases, but
there is no relationship between the risky behaviour and the magnitude
of the potential loss (Gras and Riba, 1995).