ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GNSS LEVELLING OVER STEEP SLOPES
ABSTRACT
In geodetic applications variety, one of the main current focuses is recently to
determine the heights of ground stations with high accuracy. Specially the
possibility of acquiring 3D information of the point positioning with high accuracy
is opening up new strategies of investigating the heighting. Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) for 3D positioning is undergoing rapid developments and
GNSS heighting can be an alternative to terrestrial techniques of height
measurements. This paper presents a research study on the use of GNSS heighting
in the case of steep slopes and multipath issue. Short baseline solution strategies
were performed by using Bernese Software v. 5.0. The analysis results are also
compared to the results of techniques of the terrestrial levelling. The results show
that GNSS can be used as an practical surveying method to the terrestrial levelling
with comparable accuracies. Furthermore, one can save up to 1 hour using GNSS
instead of geometric levelling over a steep slope of a 100 m. On the other hand, as
usual multipath is the primary error source decreasing the efficiency of GNSS, and
it has been studied experimentally in this paper.
Keywords: GNSS Levelling; Height; Steep Slope; Multipath; Accuracy.
1. INTRODUCTION