Numerous males were calling in close proximity, frantically grappling with each other, and trying to dislodge
amplectic males. Males expel air from their lungs to produce the moaning call (see Heyer 1971) without changing
the inflation of the immense vocal sac (Fig. 1A). The rotund build of these frogs forces the male to clasp the female
well behind her front legs with what appears to be an insecure grip; his palms are turned outwards, and his fingers
are not clenched (Fig. 1B). Males are glued to the female by chest glands (Zug et al. 1998) as is common in
microhylid frogs that breed in water.