This site is located southeast of Karachi, in Thatta district. The Indus Delta is a unique example of a natural wetland in the Arabian coastal biogeographic region. It is the fifth largest delta in the world, formed under largely arid climatic conditions and characterised by high river discharge, moderate tides and evidently the highest wave energy of any river in the world. The fan shaped delta consists of creeks, estuaries, mud flats, sandflats, mangrove swamps, marshes, bays and rocky shores.
Its 129,000 ha of mangrove, mostly Avicennia marina, comprises 97 % of the total mangrove area in the country and is said to be the 7th largest mangrove forest in the world. Due to its large size, the Delta is essential for maintaining the biodiversity in the region, including the arid mangrove habitat and its fauna. The mangroves provide shelter to many aquatic and terrestrial species and they are an important staging aground for migratory birds.
The Delta regularly supports over 60,000 migratory waterbirds. The estuarine creeks and the mangroves represent an essential nursery ground for fish and shrimp and they spend their early life stages in this wetland. The water in the Indus Delta is generally brackish and saline. The creeks with a mix of river and sea water are considered as the only freshwater habitats. Mangroves have turned out to be the most important natural protection against erosive forces and storm damage. The climate is characterised as a subtropical maritime desert type. Since 1972, Keti Bunder, Shah Bunder and Cut Manarki Chach in the Indus Delta have been declared Wildlife Sanctuaries.
This site is located southeast of Karachi, in Thatta district. The Indus Delta is a unique example of a natural wetland in the Arabian coastal biogeographic region. It is the fifth largest delta in the world, formed under largely arid climatic conditions and characterised by high river discharge, moderate tides and evidently the highest wave energy of any river in the world. The fan shaped delta consists of creeks, estuaries, mud flats, sandflats, mangrove swamps, marshes, bays and rocky shores.Its 129,000 ha of mangrove, mostly Avicennia marina, comprises 97 % of the total mangrove area in the country and is said to be the 7th largest mangrove forest in the world. Due to its large size, the Delta is essential for maintaining the biodiversity in the region, including the arid mangrove habitat and its fauna. The mangroves provide shelter to many aquatic and terrestrial species and they are an important staging aground for migratory birds. The Delta regularly supports over 60,000 migratory waterbirds. The estuarine creeks and the mangroves represent an essential nursery ground for fish and shrimp and they spend their early life stages in this wetland. The water in the Indus Delta is generally brackish and saline. The creeks with a mix of river and sea water are considered as the only freshwater habitats. Mangroves have turned out to be the most important natural protection against erosive forces and storm damage. The climate is characterised as a subtropical maritime desert type. Since 1972, Keti Bunder, Shah Bunder and Cut Manarki Chach in the Indus Delta have been declared Wildlife Sanctuaries.
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