in recent and doubtlessly in any future military conflict air attacks represent the clearet threat to groung troops as well as to civilian populated areas and to vital military and civilion infrastructures such vicious air threats can be attributed mainly to the avilability and deployment of highly advanced weaponry ranging from combat aircraft attack helicopters cruise missiles and unmanned attack venicles to precision-guided munitions these low-level air threats may persist day and night irrespective of weather terrain and severe electronnic countermeasure conditions