In addition, the expectancy theory applied to the context of HRD claims that employees only learn from HRD programs and are motivated to engage in them when they think that learning will result in novel skills that eventually increase their performance at work (Werner & DeSimone, 2009). It increases performance through HRD interventions, which increase the capabilities of employees and create valuable performance systems (Holton, 2002). Therefore, the study assesses whether employees' collective perceptions about HRD are related to performance and OCB.