adherence and glycemic control) using independent-sample
t tests, Mann-Whitney
U tests, or Spearman correlation coeffi-
cients (r) as appropriate.
Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim.
We used NVivo 9 to code, analyze,
and interpret the transcripts using elements
of grounded theory (20). First, we identi-
fied all references to family members in the
transcripts. We then conducted thematic
analysis on participant comments about
family members, excluding comments
about a family history of diabetes. Identi-
fied major themes included 1) support
from family members and 2) family members’
nonsupportive behaviors. We then
used comparative analysis to categorize
participant comments about family support
as either instrumental, informational,
emotional, or appraisal support. Comparative
analyses of family members’ nonsupportive
behaviors led to the development of
two subthemes as follows: 1) sabotaging
behaviors and 2) miscarried help.
Efforts to ensure quality. To ensure the
trustworthiness of our methodological
approach, we participated in, recorded,
and transcribed debriefing sessions after