2. The use of heparin versus saline to maintain the patency of peripheral intravenous catheters has been addressed in research for many years. The American Society of Health System recently Pharmacists (ASHSP) published a position paper in January 2006 (American Journal of Health System Pharmacists, 2006) advocating their support of the use of 0.9% saline in the maintenance of peripheral catheters in non-pregnant adults. It seems surprising that their position paper references articles that advocate the use of saline over heparin dating from 1991. What do you feel are some of the barriers which would have caused this delay in implementation?