Five dissected puparia (of 110 dissected) revealed fully formed adult ¯ies, which supported the work of Frick et al. (1954). These authors found that 0.01±1.1% of ¯ies were able to emerge without undergoing dia-pause.
Percentage mortality data of the R. indifferens pupae were analyzed after square root arcsine transforma-tion. Analysis and comparison of mortality data were done using ANOVA (General Linear Model procedure, SAS, 1996) followed by Least Signi®cant Difference (LSD) test.