Along similar vein, Savignon (1972), who introduced the idea of communicative
competence to foreign language teaching, originally defined communicative
competence as the “ability to function in a dynamic exchange in which linguistic
competence must adapt itself to the total informational input, both linguistic and
paralinguistic, of one or more interlocutors” (p. 8). She included the use of gestures
and facial expression in her interpretation and later refined her definition of
communicative competence to comprise of the following qualifications (Savignon,
1983