This section describes the various speaking-related activities employed in the observed
classrooms. An activity, in the context of this section, refers to all classroom tasks
planned by the teacher and/ or prescribed in the textbook, that involve students in
producing or processing spoken English language. The employed activities most
relevant to development of the speaking skill may be categorised as follows: reading
aloud activities; student presentations; discussion activities; and listening activities.
Below is a description of these activities.