The majority of the developing oil exporters saw a
decline of about 40 percent or more in their output,
with significant damage to their oil sectors and a fall
in oil production (estimates for Yemen are not
available). Conflict has severely hurt the economies
of Libya, Yemen, Iraq and Syria. In Yemen, it has
resulted in a humanitarian catastrophe, the mass
displacement of people and destruction of homes,
roads, bridges, and other infrastructure. The total
number of people displaced from Yemen, Syria,
Libya and Iraq is estimated at 15 million, many of
them fleeing to neighboring countries, such as
Lebanon and Jordan. Despite some benefits to their
economies created by Syrian refugees, Lebanon and
Jordan have shouldered greater responsibilities in
health and education, and have also experienced
disruptions to their regional trade because of the wars
in Syria and Iraq.