[0016] "Buffering capacity" describes the ability of a composition or formula to resist changes in pH. As used herein, the term "buffer strength" means the volume of 0.1 M HCI required to
decrease the pH of a 50 milliliter (mL) volume of liquid composition from the starting pH to a pH of 3. As used herein, the term "low buffer strength" or "low buffering capacity" means a buffer strength of about 22 or lower.
[0017] "Modulate" or "modulating" means exerting a modifying, controlling and/or regulating influence. ในบางรุรุ, the term "modulating" means exhibiting an increasing or stimulatory effect. ในรุรุอื่นๆ, "modulating" means exhibiting a decreasing or inhibitory effect. In certain embodiments, การให้ of the nutritional composition of the การเปิดเผยนี้ modulates gastric acidity in a เป้าหมาย, such as a formula-fed infant, by
increasing the gastric acidity level in the formula-fed infant ถึงประมาณ the same level as that of a breastfed infant.