The health burden of malaria
Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum are the
only malaria parasites that reach high parasitaemias in
the human host. Parasite counts exceeding 100 000/mL
blood are common and, in some instances, infections can
exceed 1 000 000 parasites/mL blood. Both species cause
acute severe malaria, which is sometimes fatal [16]. Plasmodium
falciparum has a wider geographic range than
P. knowlesi, being distributed across most of the tropical
world. In contrast to P. knowlesi, P. falciparum is well
adapted to the human host and is transmitted in highly
endemic regions from person to person by efficient endo-
philic (actively entering dwellings) and anthropophilic
(preferring to bite humans) vector mosquitoes. There are
2.57 billion people at risk of contracting falciparum
malaria and, while some are at low risk, 1.44 billion
people live in stable malaria transmission areas [17]. In
2012, there were an estimated 620 000 deaths worldwide
attributed to malaria, with untold morbidity (Global
Health Observatory Plasmodium falciparum malaria
exerts a huge toll on human life, especially in Sub-
Saharan Africa.
The health burden of malariaPlasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum are theonly malaria parasites that reach high parasitaemias inthe human host. Parasite counts exceeding 100 000/mLblood are common and, in some instances, infections canexceed 1 000 000 parasites/mL blood. Both species causeacute severe malaria, which is sometimes fatal [16]. Plasmodiumfalciparum has a wider geographic range thanP. knowlesi, being distributed across most of the tropicalworld. In contrast to P. knowlesi, P. falciparum is welladapted to the human host and is transmitted in highlyendemic regions from person to person by efficient endo-philic (actively entering dwellings) and anthropophilic(preferring to bite humans) vector mosquitoes. There are2.57 billion people at risk of contracting falciparummalaria and, while some are at low risk, 1.44 billionpeople live in stable malaria transmission areas [17]. In2012, there were an estimated 620 000 deaths worldwideattributed to malaria, with untold morbidity (GlobalHealth Observatory Plasmodium falciparum malariaexerts a huge toll on human life, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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