For quantifying the impact of air pollution on human health,normally three types of approaches are used: meteorological
approach, risk–based (exposure, dose rates) approach and epidemiological approach (Pandey et al., 2005; Zhao et al., 2011).Most of air pollution health studies were carried out through the epidemiological approach, which studied the health outcomes such as hospital admissions, disease rates, mortality, and potential mechanisms of biological effects. The objectives of this study are to investigate the exposure and health risks of the air pollutants through a risk–based approach, and to attempt to provide new information about the relationship between health risks and air pollution in Shanghai, which may have implications for environmental and social policies.