Pleuritic pain (sharp or knife-like brought on by respiratory
movements or cough)
Primary or sole location of discomfort in the middle or
lower abdominal region
Pain that may be localised by pointing to the area,
particularly over the left ventricular apex
Pain reproduced with movement or palpation of the
chest wall or arms
Constant pain that lasts for hours
Very brief episodes that last a few seconds or less
Pain that radiates into the lower extremities.