Colostrum is a complex fluid rich in lots
of bioactive components, including many
growth factors, especially insulin-like
growth factor-I (IGF-I). This compound is
a 70-amino acid globular protein with a molecular
mass of 7650 g·mol–1 and isoelectric
point of 8.2 [32]. The primary structure
of IGF-I is a single-chain polypeptide
containing three intramolecular disulfide
bonds. A similar amino acid sequence was
identified in human and bovine IGF-I [15].
IGF-I is present in almost all mammalian
milk and abundant in bovine colostrum, but
the concentration in bovine milk shows
wide variation, from 50~2950 ng·mL–1 [35].
IGF-I comprises the major and principal
milk-based growth factors and exerts extensive
fundamentally physiological functions,
such as promoting protein and DNA
synthesis, stimulating cell differentiation
and proliferation, and modulating growth
and development of the newborn animal’s
gastrointestinal tracts. Burrin et al. [4] reported
that orally administered IGF-I improved
intestinal mucosal growth and ileal
protein in formula-fed neonatal pigs. A similar
effect has been found to increase small
intestine weights, duodenal crypt depths
and villi heights in weaned rats [13] and to
enhance the intestinal villus size [27]. IGFI
has also been demonstrated to promote
cell growth in cultured mammary tissues
in vitro [31, 37] and DNA synthesis in piglet
intestines in vivo [17]. In addition, milkderived
IGF-I has been applied to replace
serum in different human cell cultures [2], to
stimulate wound repair [26] and to attenuate
chemotherapeutic drug toxicity in an animal
model [5, 18, 33] as therapeutic agents.
In fact, IGF-I also shows promise as a nutraceutical
supplement in the food industry, and in
clinical and pharmaceutical development.
Colostrum is a complex fluid rich in lots
of bioactive components, including many
growth factors, especially insulin-like
growth factor-I (IGF-I). This compound is
a 70-amino acid globular protein with a molecular
mass of 7650 g·mol–1 and isoelectric
point of 8.2 [32]. The primary structure
of IGF-I is a single-chain polypeptide
containing three intramolecular disulfide
bonds. A similar amino acid sequence was
identified in human and bovine IGF-I [15].
IGF-I is present in almost all mammalian
milk and abundant in bovine colostrum, but
the concentration in bovine milk shows
wide variation, from 50~2950 ng·mL–1 [35].
IGF-I comprises the major and principal
milk-based growth factors and exerts extensive
fundamentally physiological functions,
such as promoting protein and DNA
synthesis, stimulating cell differentiation
and proliferation, and modulating growth
and development of the newborn animal’s
gastrointestinal tracts. Burrin et al. [4] reported
that orally administered IGF-I improved
intestinal mucosal growth and ileal
protein in formula-fed neonatal pigs. A similar
effect has been found to increase small
intestine weights, duodenal crypt depths
and villi heights in weaned rats [13] and to
enhance the intestinal villus size [27]. IGFI
has also been demonstrated to promote
cell growth in cultured mammary tissues
in vitro [31, 37] and DNA synthesis in piglet
intestines in vivo [17]. In addition, milkderived
IGF-I has been applied to replace
serum in different human cell cultures [2], to
stimulate wound repair [26] and to attenuate
chemotherapeutic drug toxicity in an animal
model [5, 18, 33] as therapeutic agents.
In fact, IGF-I also shows promise as a nutraceutical
supplement in the food industry, and in
clinical and pharmaceutical development.
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